None of the feet below belong to Me...I am here just because I am handsome.

In the 1st picture look at the pastern area's bump, this is a "subluxation" created by long toes.  The joint of P1 and P2 will push forward out of position when the capsule is like this. One trim was done with this wild little guy.  The 2nd Picture is before the 2nd trim.  He runs like the wind now.

The hairline is an indicator to how the coffin bone and the connected parts in the capsule are placed.  As with all equines the natural

hairline is 30 degrees when not interfered with capsule deformity and imbalance.

The digital cushion and frog are positioned differently in the donkey and mule hoof.  Much more flexion is in their feet to climb and protect

the internal structure.  The frog goes past the heel purchases.  Great website on donkey and mules by Karen Reeves click here.

I am not sure if the upper picture is clear enough for the internet but, you can see the tiny papillae pulling out of the cornified tubules they

produce that is the capsule.  Also the upper picture has a silver tool which is the nippers pulling the capsule wall biting into the laminae

that attached to the capsule.  Below is the covering over the coffin bone called the lamella.  These two tissues tightly fit together and is the

source of breakdown in laminitis .

Note the coronary area in gray naturally declines to the back at a 30 degree angle.  Also the coronary is thicker and more productive then

the horse.  the walls are thicker and more flexable.